Item 1A. Risk Factors

An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. In addition to the other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, prospective investors should carefully consider the following risks before investing in our securities. If any of the following risks actually occur, as well as other risks not currently known to us or that we currently consider immaterial, our business, operating results and financial condition could be materially adversely affected. As a result, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment in our common stock. The risks discussed below also include forward-looking statements, and our actual results may differ substantially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements. See “Cautionary Note On Forward-Looking Statements” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In assessing the risks below, you should also refer to the other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including the financial statements and the related notes, before deciding to purchase any of our securities.

Risk Related to Covid 19

Our business and future operations may be adversely affected by epidemics and pandemics, such as the recent COVID-19 outbreak.

For the year ended March 31, 2024, COVID-19 has not had any material impact on our operations, supply chain, liquidity or capital resources. However, we may face risks related to health epidemics and/or pandemics and/or other outbreaks of communicable diseases, which could result in a widespread health crisis that could adversely affect general commercial activity and the economies and financial markets of the world as a whole. For example, the outbreak of COVID-19, which began in China, has been declared by the World Health Organization to be a “pandemic,” has spread across the globe, including the United States of America. A health epidemic or pandemic or other outbreak of communicable diseases, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic, poses the risk that we, or potential business partners may be disrupted or prevented from conducting business activities for certain periods of time, the durations of which are uncertain, and may otherwise experience significant impairments of business activities, including due to, among other things, operational shutdowns or suspensions that may be requested or mandated by national or local governmental authorities or self-imposed by us, our users or other business partners. For example, due to COVID-19, we have been unable to travel across the relevant jurisdictions pertaining to our business and foresee this as an ongoing issue. While it is not possible at this time to estimate the full impact that COVID-19 could have on our business, potential users or other potential business partners, the continued spread of COVID-19, the measures taken by the local and federal government, actions taken to protect employees, and the impact of the pandemic on various business activities could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Risks Relating to Our Financial Condition

There are doubts about our ability to continue as a going concern.

We have generated no revenue and have an accumulated deficit of $12,406,419 through March 31, 2024. These factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

There can be no assurance that sufficient funds required during the next year or thereafter will be generated from operations or that funds will be available from external sources, such as debt or equity financings or other potential sources. The lack of additional capital resulting from the inability to generate cash flow from operations, or to raise capital from external sources would force us to substantially curtail or cease operations and would, therefore, have a material adverse effect on its business. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that any such required funds, if available, will be available on attractive terms or that they will not have a significant dilutive effect on our existing stockholders.

We seek to overcome the circumstances that impact our ability to remain a going concern through a combination of the growth of revenues, with interim cash flow deficiencies being addressed through additional equity and debt financing. We anticipate raising additional funds through public or private financing, strategic relationships or other arrangements in the near future to support its business operations; however, we may not have commitments from third parties for a sufficient amount of additional capital. We cannot be certain that any such financing will be available on acceptable terms, or at all, and our failure to raise capital when needed could limit our ability to continue operations. Our ability to obtain additional funding will determine the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Failure to secure additional financing in a timely manner and on favorable terms would have a material adverse effect on our financial performance, results of operations and stock price and require us to curtail or cease operations, sell off our assets, seek protection from our creditors through bankruptcy proceedings, or otherwise. Furthermore, additional equity financing may be dilutive to the holders of our common stock, and debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants, and strategic relationships, if necessary, to raise additional funds, and may require that we relinquish valuable rights.

Because we have a limited operating history, you may not be able to accurately evaluate our operations.

We have had limited operations to date. Therefore, we have a limited operating history upon which to evaluate the merits of investing in our company. Potential investors should be aware of the difficulties normally encountered by new companies and the high rate of failure of such enterprises. The likelihood of success must be considered in light of the problems, expenses, difficulties, complications and delays encountered in connection with the operations that we plan to undertake. These potential problems include, but are not limited to, unanticipated problems relating to the ability to generate sufficient cash flow to operate our business, and additional costs and expenses that may exceed current estimates. We expect to continue to incur significant losses into the foreseeable future. We recognize that if the effectiveness of our business plan is not forthcoming, we will not be able to continue business operations. There is no history upon which to base any assumption as to the likelihood that we will prove successful, and it is doubtful that we will generate any operating revenues or ever achieve profitable operations. If we are unsuccessful in addressing these risks, our business will most likely fail.

We are dependent on outside financing for continuation of our operations.

Because we have generated no revenues and currently operate at a loss, we are completely dependent on the continued availability of financing in order to continue our business operations. There can be no assurance that financing sufficient to enable us to continue our operations will be available to us in the future.

We will need additional funds to complete further development of our business plan to achieve a sustainable level where ongoing operations can be funded out of revenues. We anticipate that we must raise $25,000,000 for our operations for the next 12 months, and $81,000,000 in total for our initial clinical development programs. We will require further funding to fully implement our business plan to its fullest potential and achieve our growth plans. There is no assurance that any additional financing will be available or if available, on terms that will be acceptable to us.

Our failure to obtain future financing or to produce levels of revenue to meet our financial needs could result in our inability to continue as a going concern and, as a result, our investors could lose their entire investment.

Our operating results may fluctuate, which could have a negative impact on our ability to grow our client base, establish sustainable revenues and succeed overall.

Our results of operations may fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, some of which are beyond our control including but not limited to:

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general economic conditions in the geographies and industries where we sell our services and conduct operations; legislative policies where we sell our services and conduct operations;

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the budgetary constraints of our customers; seasonality;

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success of our strategic growth initiatives;

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costs associated with the launching or integration of new or acquired businesses; timing of new product introductions by us, our suppliers and our competitors; product and service mix, availability, utilization and pricing;

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the mix, by state and country, of our revenues, personnel and assets; movements in interest rates or tax rates; and

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changes in, and application of, accounting rules; changes in the regulations applicable to us; and litigation matters.

As a result of these factors, we may not succeed in our business and we could go out of business.

As a growing company, we have yet to achieve a profit and may not achieve a profit in the near future, if at all.

We have not yet produced any revenues or profit and may not in the near future, if at all. We cannot be certain that we will be able to realize sufficient revenue to achieve profitability. Further, many of our competitors have a significantly larger industry presence and revenue stream but have yet to achieve profitability. Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon raising capital from financing transactions, increasing revenue and keeping operating expenses below our revenue levels in order to achieve positive cash flows, none of which can be assured.

Risks Related with Management and Control Persons

We are dependent on the continued services of our key staff and if we fail to keep them or fail to attract and retain qualified senior executive and key technical personnel, our business will not be able to expand.

We are dependent on the continued availability of Timothy Rogers (Executive Chairman), David Hitchcock (Chief Executive Officer, CEO), Colin Stott (Chief Operating Officer, COO), Dominic Schiller (Chief IP Officer), Hunter Land (VP Translational Research, USA) and Guy Webber (Preclinical Development Director), and the availability of new employees to implement our business plans. The market for skilled employees is highly competitive, especially for employees in our industry. Although we expect that our planned compensation programs will be intended to attract and retain the employees required for us to be successful, there can be no assurance that we will be able to retain the services of all our key employees or a sufficient number to execute our plans, nor can there be any assurance we will be able to continue to attract new employees as required.

Our lack of adequate D&O insurance may also make it difficult for us to retain and attract talented and skilled directors and officers.

In the future we may be subject to additional litigation, including potential class action and stockholder derivative actions. Risks associated with legal liability are difficult to assess and quantify, and their existence and magnitude can remain unknown for significant periods of time. To date, we have not obtained directors and officers liability (“D&O”) insurance. Without adequate D&O insurance, the amounts we would pay to indemnify our officers and directors should they be subject to legal action based on their service to the Company could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and liquidity. Furthermore, our lack of adequate D&O insurance may make it difficult for us to retain and attract talented and skilled directors and officers, which could adversely affect our business.

Our personnel may voluntarily terminate their relationship with us at any time, and competition for qualified personnel is intense. The process of locating additional personnel with the combination of skills and attributes required to carry out our strategy could be lengthy, costly and disruptive.

If we lose the services of key personnel or fail to replace the services of key personnel who depart, we could experience a severe negative effect on our financial results and stock price. The loss of the services of any key personnel, marketing or other personnel or our failure to attract, integrate, motivate and retain additional key employees could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating and financial results and stock price.

Our officers and directors and affiliates have substantial control over us and our policies and will be able to influence corporate matters.

Our officers and directors presently beneficially own approximately 66% of our common stock. Additionally, our officers and directors are able to exercise significant influence over all matters requiring approval by our stockholders, including the election of directors, the approval of significant corporate transactions, and any change of control of our company. Our officer and directors and to a lesser extend Bright Green are able to exercise significant influence over all matters requiring approval by our stockholders, including the election of directors, the approval of significant corporate transactions, and any change of control of our company. They could prevent transactions, which would be in the best interests of the other shareholders. Our officers, directors and affiliates’ interests may not necessarily be in the best interests of the shareholders in general.

The elimination of monetary liability against our directors, officers and employees under our Articles of Incorporation and the existence of indemnification rights to our directors, officers and employees may result in substantial expenditures by our Company and may discourage lawsuits against our directors, officers and employees.

Our Articles of Incorporation contain provisions that eliminate the liability of our directors for monetary damages to our Company and shareholders. Our bylaws also require us to indemnify our officers and directors. We may also have contractual indemnification obligations under our agreements with our directors, officers and employees. The foregoing indemnification obligations could result in our company incurring substantial expenditures to cover the cost of settlement or damage awards against directors, officers and employees that we may be unable to recoup. These provisions and resulting costs may also discourage our company from bringing a lawsuit against directors, officers and employees for breaches of their fiduciary duties, and may similarly discourage the filing of derivative litigation by our shareholders against our directors, officers and employees even though such actions, if successful, might otherwise benefit our Company and shareholders.

Our officers and directors have limited experience managing a public company.

Our officers and directors have limited experience managing a public company. Consequently, we may not be able to raise any funds or run our public company successfully. Our executive’s officers’ and directors’ lack of experience of managing a public company could cause you to lose some or all of your investment.

Our Company has an outstanding material weakness related to its internal controls over financial reporting.

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Management has assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2024 based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. As a result of this assessment, management concluded that, as of March 31, 2024, our internal control over financial reporting was not effective. Our management identified the following material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, which are indicative of many small companies with small staff: (i) inadequate segregation of duties and effective risk assessment; and (ii) insufficient written policies and procedures for accounting and financial reporting with respect to the requirements and application of both US GAAP and SEC guidelines.

We plan to take steps to enhance and improve the design of our internal control over financial reporting. During the period covered by this annual report on Form 10-K, we have not been able to remediate the material weaknesses identified above. To remediate such weaknesses, we hope to implement the following changes during our fiscal year ending March 31, 2025: (i) appoint additional qualified personnel to address inadequate segregation of duties and ineffective risk management; and (ii) adopt sufficient written policies and procedures for accounting and financial reporting. The remediation efforts set out in (i) and (ii) are largely dependent upon our securing additional financing to cover the costs of implementing the changes required. If we are unsuccessful in securing such funds, remediation efforts may be adversely affected in a material manner.

This annual report does not include an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by our registered public accounting firm pursuant to an exemption for non-accelerated filers set forth in Section 989G of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act.

Remediation of Material Weakness

We are unable to remedy our controls related to the inadequate segregation of duties and ineffective risk management until we receive financing to hire additional employees. We use an outsourced controller to provide the controls for accounting and financial reporting. On October 10, 2023, we hired Mr. Nathan Thompson as our Chief Financial Officer.

Limitations on the Effectiveness of Internal Controls

Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting are or will be capable of preventing or detecting all errors or all fraud. Any control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. The design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Further, because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements, due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision- making can be faulty and that breakdowns may occur because of simple error or mistake. Controls can also be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of controls. The design of any system of controls is based in part on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Projections of any evaluation of controls effectiveness to future periods are subject to risk.

Risks Relating to our Common Stock

We will likely conduct further offerings of our equity securities in the future, in which case your proportionate interest may become diluted.

We will likely be required to conduct equity offerings in the future to finance our current projects or to finance subsequent projects that we decide to undertake. If our common stock shares are issued in return for additional funds, the price per share could be lower than that paid by our current shareholders. We anticipate continuing to rely on equity sales of our common stock shares in order to fund our business operations. If we issue additional common stock shares or securities convertible into shares of our common stock, your percentage interest in us could become diluted.

Our common stock price may be volatile and could fluctuate widely in price, which could result in substantial losses for investors.

Our common stock is quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbol, “ABTI.” The market price of our common stock is likely to be highly volatile and could fluctuate widely in price in response to various factors, many of which are beyond our control, including:

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government regulation of our products and services;

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the establishment of partnerships with pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic research and development (R & D) and / or manufacturing companies;

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intellectual property disputes;

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additions or departures of key personnel;

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sales of our common stock

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our ability to integrate operations, technology, products and services;

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our ability to execute our business plan;

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operating results below expectations;

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loss of any strategic relationship;

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industry developments;

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economic and other external factors; and

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period-to-period fluctuations in our financial results.

Because we have no revenues to date, you should consider any one of these factors to be material. Our stock price may fluctuate widely as a result of any of the above.

In addition, the securities markets have from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

Our existing stockholders may experience significant dilution from the sale of our common stock pursuant to the EMC2 Purchase Agreement.

The sale of our common stock to EMC2 in accordance with the Purchase Agreement may have a dilutive impact on our shareholders. As a result, the market price of our common stock could decline. In addition, the lower our stock price is at the time we exercise our put options, the more shares of our common stock we will have to issue to EMC2 in order to exercise a put under the Purchase Agreement. If our stock price decreases, then our existing shareholders would experience greater dilution for any given dollar amount raised through the offering.

The perceived risk of dilution may cause our stockholders to sell their shares, which may cause a decline in the price of our common stock. Moreover, the perceived risk of dilution and the resulting downward pressure on our stock price could encourage investors to engage in short sales of our common stock. By increasing the number of shares offered for sale, material amounts of short selling could further contribute to progressive price declines in our common stock.

The issuance of shares pursuant to the EMC2 Purchase Agreement may have significant dilutive effect.

Depending on the number of shares we issue pursuant to the EMC2 Purchase Agreement, it could have a significant dilutive effect upon our existing shareholders. Although the number of shares that we may issue pursuant to the Purchase Agreement will vary based on our stock price (the higher our stock price, the less shares we have to issue), there may be a potential dilutive effect to our shareholders, based on different potential future stock prices, if the full amount of the Purchase Agreement is realized. Dilution is based upon common stock put to EMC2 and the stock price discounted to 91% of the lowest sales price on the purchase date.

EMC2 will pay less than the then-prevailing market price of our common stock which could cause the price of our common stock to decline.

Our common stock to be issued under the EMC2 Purchase Agreement will be purchased at 91% of the lowest sales price on the purchase date. EMC2 has a financial incentive to sell our shares immediately upon receiving them to realize the profit between the discounted price and the market price. If EMC2 sells our shares, the price of our common stock may decrease. If our stock price decreases, EMC2 may have further incentive to sell such shares. Accordingly, the discounted sales price in the Purchase Agreement may cause the price of our common stock to decline.

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends or distributions on our capital stock. And we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future.

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends or distributions on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain our future earnings, if any, to support operations and to finance expansion and therefore we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future.

The declaration, payment and amount of any future dividends will be made at the discretion of the board of directors, and will depend upon, among other things, the results of our operations, cash flows and financial condition, operating and capital requirements, and other factors as the board of directors considers relevant. There is no assurance that future dividends will be paid, and, if dividends are paid, there is no assurance with respect to the amount of any such dividend.

We may become involved in securities class action litigation that could divert management’s attention and harm our business.

The stock market in general, and the shares of early-stage companies in particular, have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations. These fluctuations have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of the companies involved. If these fluctuations occur in the future, the market price of our shares could fall regardless of our operating performance. In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a particular company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been brought against that company. If the market price or volume of our shares suffers extreme fluctuations, then we may become involved in this type of litigation, which would be expensive and divert management’s attention and resources from managing our business.

As a public company, we may also from time to time make forward-looking statements about future operating results and provide some financial guidance to the public markets. Projections may not be made timely or set at expected performance levels and could materially affect the price of our shares. Any failure to meet published forward-looking statements that adversely affect the stock price could result in losses to investors, stockholder lawsuits or other litigation, sanctions or restrictions issued by the SEC.

Our common stock is currently deemed a “penny stock,” which makes it more difficult for our investors to sell their shares.

Our common stock is currently deemed a “penny stock,” which makes it more difficult for our investors to sell their shares. The SEC has adopted rule 3a51-1 which establishes the definition of a “penny stock,” for the purposes relevant to us, as any equity security that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share or with an exercise price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to certain exceptions. For any transaction involving a penny stock, unless exempt, Rule 15g-9 requires:

	•	that a broker or dealer approve a person’s account for transactions in penny stocks, and
	•	the broker or dealer receive from the investor a written agreement to the transaction, setting forth the identity and quantity of the penny stock to be purchased.

In order to approve a person’s account for transactions in penny stocks, the broker or dealer must:

	•	obtain financial information and investment experience objectives of the person, and
	•	make a reasonable determination that the transactions in penny stocks are suitable for that person and the person has sufficient knowledge and experience in financial matters to be capable of evaluating the risks of transactions in penny stocks.

The broker or dealer must also deliver, prior to any transaction in a penny stock, a disclosure schedule prescribed by the SEC relating to the penny stock market, which, in highlight form:

	•	sets forth the basis on which the broker or dealer made the suitability determination and
	•	that the broker or dealer received a signed, written agreement from the investor prior to the transaction.

Generally, brokers may be less willing to execute transactions in securities subject to the “penny stock” rules. This may make it more difficult for investors to dispose of our common stock and cause a decline in the market value of our stock.

Risks Related to Acquisition Activities

We have made and expect to continue to engage in acquisition activities that could disrupt our operations and harm our operating results.

Our growth depends upon market growth, our ability to enhance our existing products, and our ability to introduce new products on a timely basis. We intend to continue to address the need to develop new products and enhance existing products through potential acquisitions of other companies, product lines, technologies, and personnel, , by a transaction that may involve the acquisition of our company by companies looking to enhance their value. We intend to continue to address the need to develop new products and enhance existing products through potential acquisitions of other companies, product lines, technologies, and personnel, or, for example as a result of the intended acquisition by Bright Green, by a transaction that may involve the acquisition of our company by companies looking to enhance their value. Acquisitions involve numerous risks, including the following:

Acquisitions may also cause us to:

Mergers and acquisitions are inherently risky and subject to many factors outside of our control, and no assurance can be given that our previous or future acquisitions will be successful and will not materially adversely affect our business, operating results, or financial condition. Failure to manage and successfully integrate acquisitions could materially harm our business and operating results. Prior acquisitions could result in a wide range of outcomes, from successful introduction of new products and technologies to a failure to do so. Even when an acquired company has already developed and marketed products, there can be no assurance that product enhancements will be made in a timely fashion or that pre-acquisition due diligence will have identified all possible issues that might arise with respect to such products.

From time to time, we have made acquisitions that resulted in charges in an individual quarter. These charges may occur in any particular quarter, resulting in variability in our quarterly earnings. In addition, our effective tax rate for future periods is uncertain and could be impacted by mergers and acquisitions. Risks related to new product development also apply to acquisitions.

Acquisitions, joint ventures or other strategic transactions create certain risks and may adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Acquisitions, partnerships and joint ventures are part of our growth strategy. We evaluate and expect in the future to evaluate potential strategic acquisitions of, and partnerships or joint ventures with, complementary businesses, services or technologies. We may not be successful in identifying acquisition, partnership and joint venture targets. In addition, we may not be able to successfully finance or integrate any businesses, services or technologies that we acquire or with which we form a partnership or joint venture.

We may not be able to identify suitable acquisition candidates or complete acquisitions in the future, which could adversely affect our future growth; or businesses that we acquire may not perform as well as expected or may be more difficult or expensive to integrate and manage than expected, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations. In addition, the process of integrating these acquisitions may disrupt our business and divert our resources.

In addition, acquisitions outside our current operating jurisdictions often involve additional or increased risks including, for example:

These risks may arise for a number of reasons: we may not be able to find suitable businesses to acquire at affordable valuations or on other acceptable terms; we may face competition for acquisitions from other potential acquirers; we may need to borrow money or sell equity or debt securities to the public to finance acquisitions and the terms of these financings may be adverse to us; changes in accounting, tax, securities or other regulations could increase the difficulty or cost for us to complete acquisitions; we may incur unforeseen obligations or liabilities in connection with acquisitions; we may need to devote unanticipated financial and management resources to an acquired business; we may not realize expected operating efficiencies or product integration benefits from an acquisition; we could enter markets where we have minimal prior experience; and we may experience decreases in earnings as a result of non-cash impairment charges.

We cannot ensure that any acquisition, partnership or joint venture we make will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Relating to Our Company and Industry

Our future success will largely depend on the success of our drug candidates, which development will require significant capital resources and years of preclinical and clinical development effort.

We currently have no drug products on the market, and none of our drug development projects / pipeline drug candidates has reached preclinical development or clinical trial status. Our business depends almost entirely on the successful clinical development, regulatory approval and commercialization of our pipeline drug candidates. Investors need to be aware that substantial additional investments including preclinical and clinical development and regulatory approval efforts will be required before we are permitted to market and commercialize our pipeline drug candidates, if ever. It may be several years before we can commence clinical trials, if ever. Any clinical trial will be subject to extensive and rigorous review and regulation by numerous government authorities in the United States, the European Union, and other jurisdictions where we intend, if approved, to market our pipeline drug candidates. Before obtaining regulatory approvals for any of our pipeline drug candidates, we must demonstrate through preclinical testing and clinical trials that the pipeline drug candidate is safe and effective for its specific application. This process can take many years and may include post- marketing studies and surveillance, which would require the expenditure of substantial resources. Of the large number of drugs in development for approval in the United States, European Union (and the rest of the world), only a small percentage will successfully complete the FDA regulatory approval process or be granted authorization to be marketed in the European Commission or the other competent authorities in the European Union (“EU”) Member States, or the rest of the world. Accordingly, even if we obtain the sufficient financing to fund our planned research, development and clinical programs, we cannot assure you that any of our pipeline drug candidates will be successfully developed or commercialized.

We may be unable to formulate or scale-up any or all of our pipeline drug candidates. There is no guarantee that any of the pipeline drug candidates will be or are able to be manufactured or produced in a manner to meet the FDA’s (or any other international regulatory agency’s) criteria for product stability, content uniformity and all other criteria necessary for product approval in the United States and other markets. Any of our pipeline drug candidates may fail to achieve their specified endpoints in clinical trials.

Furthermore, pipeline drug candidates may not be approved even if they achieve their specified endpoints in clinical trials. The FDA (or any other international regulatory agency) may disagree with our trial design and our interpretation of data from clinical trials, or may change the requirements for approval even after it has reviewed and commented on the design for our clinical trials. The FDA may also approve a drug for fewer or more limited indications than we request, or may grant approval contingent on the performance of costly post-approval clinical trials (i.e., Phase IV trials). In addition, the FDA may not approve the labeling claims that we believe are necessary or desirable for the successful commercialization of our pipeline drug candidates.

If we are unable to expand our pipeline and obtain regulatory approval for our pipeline drug candidates within the timelines we anticipate, we will not be able to execute our business strategy effectively and our ability to substantially grow our revenues will be limited, which would have a material adverse impact on our long-term business, results of operations, financial condition, and prospects.

Our drug development projects, if approved, may be unable to achieve the expected market acceptance and, consequently, limit our ability to generate revenue.

Even when drug development is successful and regulatory approval has been obtained, our ability to generate significant revenue depends on the acceptance of our (then) approved medicines by physicians, prescribers and patients. We cannot assure you that any of our pipeline drug candidates will achieve the expected market acceptance and revenue, if and when we obtain the regulatory approvals. The market acceptance of any drug depends on a number of factors, including the indication statement and warnings approved by regulatory authorities for the drug label, continued demonstration of efficacy and safety in commercial use, physicians’ / prescribers willingness to prescribe the drug, reimbursement from third-party payers such as government health care systems and insurance companies, the price of the drug, the nature of any post-approval risk management plans mandated by regulatory authorities, competition, and marketing and distribution support. Any factors preventing or limiting the market acceptance of our drugs could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Results of preclinical studies and earlier clinical trials are not necessarily predictive indicators of future results.

Any positive results from future preclinical testing of our pipeline drug candidates and potential future clinical trials may not necessarily be predictive of the results from Phase 1, Phase 2 or Phase 3 clinical trials. In addition, our interpretation of results derived from clinical data or our conclusions based on our preclinical data may prove inaccurate. Frequently, pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies have suffered significant setbacks in clinical trials after achieving positive results in preclinical testing and early phase clinical trials, and we cannot be certain that we will not face similar setbacks. These setbacks may be caused by the fact that preclinical and clinical data can be susceptible to varying interpretations and analyses. Furthermore, certain pipeline drug candidates may perform satisfactorily in preclinical studies and clinical trials, but nonetheless fail to obtain FDA approval, a marketing authorization granted by the European Commission, or appropriate approvals by the appropriate medicines regulatory authorities in other countries. If we fail to produce positive results in our clinical trials for our pipeline drug candidates, the development timeline and regulatory approval and commercialization prospects for them and as a result our business and financial prospects, would be materially adversely affected.

The regulatory approval processes with the FDA, the EMA and other comparable foreign regulatory authorities is lengthy and inherently unpredictable.

We are not permitted to market our drug candidates as medicines in the United States or the European Union or other countries until we receive approval of a New Drug Application (“NDA”) from the FDA or a Marketing Authorization Application (“MAA”) from the European Commission, respectively, or in any foreign countries until we receive the approval from the regulatory authorities of such countries. Prior to submitting an NDA to the FDA or an MAA to the EMA for approval of our drug candidates we will need to have completed our preclinical studies and clinical trials. Successfully completing any clinical program and obtaining approval of an NDA or MAA is a complex, lengthy, expensive and uncertain process, and the FDA or EMA (or other country medicines regulatory body) may delay, limit or deny approval of pipeline drug candidates for many reasons, including, among others, because:

Any of these factors, many of which are beyond our control, could increase development time and / or costs or jeopardize our ability to obtain regulatory approval for our drug candidates.

We may apply for orphan drug status granted by the FDA and / or EMA for some of our drug candidates for the treatment of rare diseases.

Regulatory authorities in some jurisdictions, including the United States and the European Union, may designate drugs for relatively small patient populations as orphan drugs. The FDA may grant Orphan Drug Designation (ODD) to drugs intended to treat a rare disease or condition that affects fewer than 200,000 individuals annually in the United States. In the European Union, the EMA’s Committee for Orphan Medicinal Products grants orphan drug designation to promote the development of drugs that are intended for the diagnosis, prevention or treatment of life-threatening or chronically debilitating conditions affecting not more than 5 in 10,000 persons in the European Union. Additionally, such designation is granted for drugs intended for the diagnosis, prevention or treatment of a life-threatening, seriously debilitating or serious and chronic condition and when, without incentives, it is unlikely that sales of the drug in the European Union would be sufficient to justify the necessary investment in developing the drug.

In the USA, orphan drug designation entitles a party to financial incentives, such as opportunities for grant funding towards clinical trial costs, tax credits for certain research and user fee waivers under certain circumstances. In addition, if a drug receives the first FDA approval for the drug and indication for which it has orphan drug designation, the drug is entitled to seven years of market exclusivity, which means the FDA may not approve any other application for the same drug for the same indication for a period of seven years, except in limited circumstances, such as a showing of clinical superiority over the drug with orphan drug exclusivity. Orphan drug exclusivity does not prevent the FDA from approving a different drug for the same disease or condition, or the same drug for a different disease or condition.

In the European Union, orphan drug designation also entitles a party to financial incentives such as reduction of fees or fee waivers and ten years of market exclusivity following drug approval. This period may be reduced to six years if the orphan drug designation criteria are no longer met, including where it is shown that the drug is sufficiently profitable so that market exclusivity is no longer justified.

Whilst the company may wish to apply for ODDs for some or all of its pipeline drug candidates, there is no guarantee that FDA or EMA (or any other international regulatory body) will grant an ODD for any of the company’s pipeline drug candidates.

Our drug candidates may become subject to controlled substance laws and regulations in the U.S.

While cannabis and some cannabinoids are controlled substances under the CSA in the United States, we plan to initially focus our drug development projects using cannabinoids and other molecules that are produced from a variety of sources: (1) produced via chemical synthesis and / or (2) produced biosynthetically and / or (3) produced via botanical means.

A number of cannabinoid-containing medicines, such as Marinol^® or Syndros^® (containing dronabinol), or Epidiolex^® (containing botanically-derived cannabidiol) or Cesamet^® (containing nabilone) have been approved by the FDA for various indications.

In the USA, while cannabis-derived cannabinoids with a THC content greater than 0.3%, – during development - are categorized as Schedule I substances under the CSA, the scheduling changes once a medicine has been approved by the FDA.

Marinol^®, a capsule formulation which contains synthetic tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC when formulated is a Schedule III medicine. Syndros^® (which also contains synthetic THC, dronabinol) is a liquid formulation as is classified as Schedule II.

Epidiolex^® was initially a Schedule V medicine when it was introduced in 2018, but was descheduled by the DEA in 2020. It was completely de-scheduled on April 06, 2020.

It is our intention to produce pipeline drug candidates via synthetic, and / or biosynthetic and / or botanical means, which may produce complex mixtures and /or extracts or purified drug substance as API.

Depending upon the content of our selected API(s), and their subsequent controlled drug status in the USA, and if the company conducts preclinical studies or clinical trials in the United States, we will become subject to the Controlled Substances Act (CSA) laws and regulation in addition to FDA regulations. If the Company decides to proceed with APIs which are controlled drugs, it will evaluate where it is best to conduct its research and preclinical and clinical trials. This may or may not be the USA.

Nevertheless, our finished drug products may contain controlled substances as defined in the CSA. Pipeline drug candidates which contain controlled substances are subject to a high degree of regulation under the CSA, which establishes, among other things, certain registration, manufacturing quotas, security, recordkeeping, reporting, import, export and other requirements administered by the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA). The DEA classifies controlled substances into five schedules: Schedule I, II, III, IV or V substances. Schedule I substances, by definition, have a high potential for abuse, have no currently “accepted medical use” in the United States, lack accepted safety for use under medical supervision, and may not be prescribed, marketed or sold in the United States. Pharmaceutical products approved for use in the United States may be listed as Schedule II, III, IV or V, with Schedule II substances considered to present the highest potential for abuse or dependence and Schedule V substances the lowest relative risk of abuse among such substances. Schedule I and II drugs are subject to the strictest controls under the CSA, including manufacturing and procurement quotas, security requirements and criteria for importation. In addition, dispensing of Schedule II drugs is further restricted. For example, they may not be refilled without a new prescription.

While cannabis and some of its derivatives and certain cannabinoids are Schedule I controlled substances, drugs approved for medical use in the United States that contain cannabis, cannabis extracts or certain cannabinoids must be placed in Schedules II - V, or unscheduled, since approval by the FDA satisfies the “accepted medical use” requirement. If, and when any of our pipeline drug candidates receive FDA approval, for those that are considered controlled substances under the CSA, the DEA will make a scheduling determination and place it in a schedule other than Schedule I for it to be prescribed for patients in the United States. If approved by the FDA, depending upon the products potential for abuse amongst other factors, the finished dosage forms of any of our pipeline drug candidates may be listed by the DEA as a Schedule II-V controlled substance. Consequently, their manufacture, importation, exportation, domestic distribution, storage, sale, and legitimate use may be subject to a significant degree of regulation by the DEA (in the USA) and the corresponding competent authorities around the world.

The scheduling process may take one or more years beyond FDA approval in the USA, thereby significantly delaying the launch of our drugs / medicines. However, the DEA must issue a temporary order scheduling the drug within 90 days after the FDA approves the drug and the DEA receives a scientific and medical evaluation and scheduling recommendation from the Department of Health and Human Services. Furthermore, if the FDA, DEA or any foreign regulatory authority determines that any of our drugs may have potential for abuse, it may require us to generate more clinical data than that which is currently anticipated, which could increase the cost and/or delay the launch of our drugs / medicines or APIs (or food or cosmetic ingredients outside of the USA).

Clinical trials of cannabinoid-based drug candidates are novel with very limited or non-existing history; we face a significant risk that the trials will not result in commercially viable drugs and treatments.

At present, there is only a very limited documented clinical trial history from which we can derive any scientific conclusions for our drug pipeline candidates, or prove that our present assumptions for the current and planned research are scientifically compelling. The API content of the Investigational Medicinal Products (IMPs) can vary from one IMP to another – hence it is not necessarily possible to extrapolate results from studies with one product and predict efficacy of safety with another product containing a similar API a different source. Whilst the principal cannabinoid component may be similar, the APIs may differ in terms of minor cannabinoid content, impurity profiles or degradant profiles. While we are encouraged by the results of clinical trials by others (where they exist), there can be no assurance that any preclinical study or clinical trial will result in producing results which will lead to commercially viable drugs or treatments.

Clinical trials are expensive, time consuming and difficult to design and implement. We, as well as the regulatory authorities may suspend, delay or terminate our clinical trials at any time, may require us, for various reasons, to conduct additional clinical trials, or may require a particular clinical trial to continue for a longer duration than originally planned, including, among others:

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lack of effectiveness of any API, formulation or delivery system during clinical trials;

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discovery of serious or unexpected toxicities or side effects experienced by trial participants or other safety issues;

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slower than expected rates of subject recruitment and enrollment rates in clinical trials;

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delays or inability in manufacturing or obtaining sufficient quantities of GMP-grade materials for use in clinical trials due to regulatory and manufacturing constraints;

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delays in obtaining regulatory authorization to commence a trial, including Institutional Review Board (“IRB”) approvals or DEA approvals, licenses required for obtaining and using cannabis , cannabis-derived cannabinoid or cannabinoid-like substances for research, either before or after a trial is commenced;

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unfavorable results from ongoing pre-clinical studies and clinical trials;

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patients or investigators failing to comply with clinical trial protocols;

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patients failing to return for post-treatment follow-up at the expected rate;

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sites participating in an ongoing clinical trial withdraw, requiring us to engage new sites;

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third-party clinical investigators decline to participate in our clinical trials, do not perform the clinical trials on the anticipated schedule, or act in ways inconsistent with the established investigator agreement, clinical trial protocol, good clinical practices, and other IRB requirements;

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third-party entities do not perform data collection and analysis in a timely or accurate manner or at all; or

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regulatory inspections of our clinical trials require us to undertake corrective action or suspend or terminate our clinical trials.

Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The FDA has not approved any complex botanically-derived cannabinoid drug as a safe and effective drug for any indication.

To date, the FDA has not approved any complex botanical cannabinoid medicine as safe and effective for any indication. It has however approved a cannabinoid medicine containing a highly purified cannabinoid (CBD) medicine (Epidiolex^®) for a limited number of indications. However, the FDA is aware that there is considerable interest in the use of complex botanical medicines (e.g. Sativex^® - which is not approved in the USA, but is approved in some other countries) or purified cannabinoids (e.g. Epidiolex^®) or synthesized cannabinoid medicines (e.g. Marinol^®) to attempt to treat a number of medical conditions.

Before conducting testing in humans of a drug that has not been approved by the FDA, we will need to submit an investigational new drug (“IND”) application to the FDA (or a Clinical Trial Authorization (CTA) to the EMA). Failure to comply with applicable U.S. requirements may subject a company to a variety of administrative or judicial sanctions, such as the FDA’s refusal to approve pending NDAs, warning letters, product recalls, product seizures, total or partial suspension of production or distribution, injunctions, fines, civil penalties and criminal prosecution. Failure to comply with similarly applicable regulatory requirements in other countries may also subject a company to a variety of administrative or judicial sanctions within their country.

We face a potentially highly competitive market.

Demand for cannabinoid-containing or cannabis-based medicines will likely be dependent on a number of social, political and economic factors that are beyond our control. While we believe that there will be a demand for such drugs, and that the demand will grow, there is no assurance that such demand will happen, that we will benefit from any demand or that our business, in fact, will ever generate revenues from our drug development programs or become profitable.

The emerging markets for cannabinoid-containing or cannabis-derived medicines and medical research and development is and will likely remain competitive. The development and commercialization of drugs / medicines is highly competitive. We compete with a variety of multinational pharmaceutical companies and specialized biotechnology companies, as well as products and processes being developed by universities and other research institutions. Many of our competitors have developed, are developing, or will develop drugs and processes which may be competitive with our drug candidates. Competitive therapeutic treatments include those that have already been approved by medicines regulators and accepted by the medical community and any new treatments that may enter the market. For some of our drug development programs / areas of therapeutic interest, other treatment options are currently available, under development, and may become commercially available in the future. If any of our pipeline drug candidates is approved for the diseases and conditions we are currently pursuing, they may compete with a range of medicines / therapeutic treatments that are either in development, will be developed in the future or currently marketed.

We are aware of many companies that are engaged in cannabinoid-derived drug development activities. In addition, other U.S.-based and foreign-based companies are in early stage discovery and preclinical development utilizing the cannabinoids CBD and/or THC.

Established companies may have a competitive advantage over us due to their size and experiences, financial resources, and institutional networks. Many of our competitors may have significantly greater financial, technical and human resources than we do. Due to these factors, our competitors may have an advantage in marketing their approved drugs and may obtain regulatory approval of their drug candidates before we are able to, which may limit our ability to develop or commercialize our drug candidates. Our competitors may also develop ingredients and / or drugs / medicines that are safer, more effective, more widely used and less expensive than ours. These advantages could materially impact our ability to develop and, if approved, commercialize our pipeline drug candidates successfully. Furthermore, some of these competitors may make acquisitions or establish collaborative relationships among themselves or with third parties to increase their ability to rapidly gain market share.

Our pipeline drug candidates may compete with other cannabinoid or cannabis-based drugs, in addition to competing with state-licensed medical and recreational marijuana, in markets where the recreational and/or medical use of marijuana is legal. There is continuing support in the USA for further state legalization of marijuana. In markets where recreational and/or medical marijuana is not legal, our pipeline drug candidates, once approved by regulators, may compete with marijuana or marijuana-based products purchased in the illegal drug market. This may or may not affect the commercial price that we may be able to achieve for our cannabinoid-containing or other non-cannabinoid-containing regulatory-approved medicines, should they be approved by the FDA.

Moreover, as generic versions of drug products enter the market, the price for such medicines may be expected to decline rapidly and substantially. Even if we are the first to obtain FDA approval of one of our pipeline drug candidates, the future potential approval of generics could adversely affect the price we are able to charge and the profitability of our product(s) will likely decline.

Mergers and acquisitions in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries may result in more resources being concentrated among a smaller number of our competitors. Smaller and other early-stage companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularly through collaborative arrangements with large and established companies.

These companies may compete with us in recruiting and retaining qualified scientific, management and commercial personnel, utilizing contract manufacturing facilities or contract research organizations (CROs), or establishing clinical trial sites and subject registration for clinical trials, as well as in acquiring technologies complementary to our research projects.

Our failure to comply with existing and potential future laws and regulations relating to drug development could harm our plan of operations.

Our business is, and will be, subject to wide-ranging existing federal and state laws and regulations and other governmental bodies in each of the countries we may develop and/or market our pipeline drug candidates. We must comply with all regulatory requirements if we expect to be successful.

If any of our cannabinoid-containing or cannabis-based or cannabinoid-like-containing pipeline drug candidates are controlled substances and are approved in the United States, they will be subject to ongoing regulatory requirements including federal and state requirements. As a result, we and our contractors, collaborators and/or joint venture partners must continue to expend time, money and effort in all areas of regulatory compliance, including, if applicable, manufacturing, production, quality control and assurance, preclinical research and development and, of upmost importance, clinical trials. We will also be required to report certain adverse reactions and production problems, if any and applicable, to the FDA and other regulatory agencies, and to comply with advertising and promotion requirements for our cannabinoid-containing and or cannabinoid-like-containing drug candidates.

Any failure to comply with ongoing regulatory or controlled drug requirements may significantly and adversely affect our ability to conduct clinical trials which are prerequisites to our ability to commercialize our cannabinoid-based and or cannabinoid-like drugs and related treatments. If regulatory sanctions are applied or if regulatory approval, once obtained, is for any reason suspended or withdrawn, the value of our business and our operating results could be materially adversely affected.

Our failure to be able to out-license some or all of our pipeline drug candidates could harm our plan of operations.

The cost of drug development is high and the attrition rate of new drug pipeline candidates is also high during the drug development process. In order to help fund the development of some of our pipeline drug candidates, the company may wish / need to out-license some of its assets to other (big) pharmaceutical or biotechnology companies. The aim of such out-licensing would be generate funds for the company which may take the form of up-front payments and / or milestone payments and / or royalties. Such decisions will be taken on a case-by-case basis, as the opportunity arises or is required.

There is no guarantee that the company will generate pipeline drug candidates which are suitable for out-licensing. In addition, even if the company does produce pipeline drug candidates that are suitable for out-licensing there is no guarantee that the company will be successful in being able to identify potential licensees and successfully negotiate such out-licensing agreements, on agreeable terms if and when required. Any failure to secure such out-licensing agreements may materially affect our ability to finance or develop and / or commercialize one or more of our pipeline drug candidates. Any such failure may materially adversely affect our business.

Our failure to be able to enter Research and Development (R & D) Collaboration Agreements or Joint Venture (JV) Agreements for some or all of our pipeline drug candidates could harm our plan of operations

As mentioned above, the cost of drug development and manufacturing is high. In order to help fund the development of some of our ingredients and pipeline drug candidates, the company may wish to enter into Research and Development Collaboration Agreements or Joint Venture Agreements with other (big) pharmaceutical or biotechnology companies to help research and develop some of its assets and for those companies pay for some or all of the associated R & D costs. The aim of such Collaboration or JV agreements would be to offset some of the company’s R & D costs. Depending upon the outcome of such R & D or JV Agreements, it may lead to the opportunity to out license one or more of the assets investigated under the Collaboration Agreement to the same other (big) pharmaceutical or biotechnology company who may be our R &D Collaboration / JV partner. If successful, this may generate funds for the company which may take the form of up-front payments and / or milestone payments and / or royalties. Such decisions will be taken on a case-by-case basis, as the opportunity arises or is required.

There is no guarantee that the company will generate pipeline drug candidates which are suitable for R & D Collaborations or JV Agreements. In addition, even if the company does produce pipeline drug candidates that are suitable for such collaborations or JVs, there is no guarantee that the company will be successful in being able to identify potential R & D collaboration partners or JV partners and successfully negotiate such collaboration or JV agreements, on agreeable terms if and when required. Depending upon the financial status of the company, any failure to secure such collaboration or JV agreements may materially affect our ability to finance or develop and / or commercialize one or more of our pipeline drug candidates. Any such failure may materially adversely affect our business.

The introduction of new businesses, products, services, and technologies, our activities in certain jurisdictions, or other actions we take may subject us to additional laws and regulations. The costs of compliance with these laws and regulations are high and are likely to increase in the future. Any failure on our part to comply with laws and regulations can result in negative publicity and diversion of management time and effort and may subject us to significant liabilities and other penalties.

We could be subject to litigation, allegations or other legal claims.

Our assets or our business activities may be subject to disputes that may result in litigation or other legal claims. We may be subject to allegations through press, social media, the courts or other mediums that may or may not be founded. We may be required to respond to or defend against these claims and/or allegations, which will divert resources away from our principal business. There can be no assurance that our defense of such claims and/or allegations would be successful, and we may be required to make material settlements. This could have a material adverse effect on our business prospects, results of operations, cash flows, financial condition and corporate reputation.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

This information is not required for smaller reporting companies.

Item 1C. Cybersecurity

We rely on our information technology to operate our business. As such, we have policies and processes designed to protect our information technology systems, some of which are managed by third parties, and resolve issues in a timely manner in the event of a cybersecurity threat or incident.

We have designed our business applications and hosting services to minimize the impact that cybersecurity incidents could have on our business and have identified back-up systems where appropriate. We seek to further mitigate cybersecurity risks through a combination of monitoring and detection activities, use of anti-malware applications, employee training, quality audits and communication and reporting structures, among other processes. We engage a third-party consultant to assist us with our cybersecurity risk management framework, including the monitoring and detection of cybersecurity threats and responding to any cybersecurity threats or incidents. Our third-party consultant team is managed by our Chief Financial Officer who reports to the audit committee or board, as appropriate.

As of March 31, 2024, we have not identified any indication of a cybersecurity incident that would have a material impact on our business and consolidated financial statements.